​中国与土耳其的国家关系
Relations between China and Türkiye
国家之间的关系影响着两国百姓之间的经济贸易还有文化交流，一个平稳的国与国之间的关系，对两国百姓来说需求性十足！
The relationship between countries affects the economic, trade, and cultural exchanges between the people of both countries. A stable relationship between countries is highly demanded by the people of both countries!
1971年八月4日，中国和土耳其建交。上世纪80年代以来，两国高层互访增多，双边关系发展较快。2010年，中土建立战略合作关系。2015年，两国建立政府间合作委员会机制，负责统筹协调双边政治、经贸、安全、人文等领域合作。2016年，该机制首次会议在土尔其召开。
一、经贸合作：在短短十年间，中国与土耳其的经济贸易关系发展迅猛。目前，两国之间的贸易额已经超过了110亿美元。
二、人文交流：目前，中国与土耳其之间的人文交流日益加强。很多土耳其年轻人选择在中国留学学习，同一时间，中国也派遣了很多学生和教师赴土耳其。
三、区域安全：中东地区在地缘政治上十分复杂，但中国长期致力于与有关国家建立和平、友好、稳定的关系。近年来，两国在地区安全等问题上的合作也逐渐加强。
四、潜在合作领域：当前，中土之间除了经济合作外，还有很多其余领域的合作潜力，例如陆路和海路的联通、基础设施建设还有军事和科技合作等领域。
因此，土耳其与中国的关系还是特别密切的，不管是在政治又或是经济方面，二者都有着紧密合作。不管是土耳其人来中国，又或是中国人去土耳其进行留学、旅游、经商，都不需要担心因国际关系的变化从而影响到当事人。
On August 4, 1971, China and Türkiye established diplomatic relations. Since the 1980s, there has been an increase in high-level visits between the two countries, and bilateral relations have developed rapidly. In 2010, China and Turkey established a strategic partnership. In 2015, the two countries established an intergovernmental cooperation committee mechanism responsible for coordinating and coordinating bilateral cooperation in political, economic, trade, security, cultural and other fields. In 2016, the first meeting of this mechanism was held in Turkey.
1、 Economic and trade cooperation: In just ten years, the economic and trade relations between China and Türkiye have developed rapidly. At present, the trade volume between the two countries has exceeded 11 billion US dollars.
2、 People to people and cultural exchanges: At present, people to people and cultural exchanges between China and Türkiye are increasingly strengthened. Many young people in Türkiye choose to study in China. At the same time, China has sent many students and teachers to Türkiye.
3、 Regional security: The Middle East region is highly complex in terms of geopolitics, but China has always been committed to establishing peaceful, friendly, and stable relations with relevant countries. In recent years, cooperation between the two countries on regional security and other issues has gradually strengthened.
4、 Potential areas of cooperation: Currently, in addition to economic cooperation, there are many other areas of cooperation potential between China and Turkey, such as land and sea connectivity, infrastructure construction, and military and technological cooperation.
Therefore, Türkiye and China have very close relations, both in political and economic aspects, both have close cooperation. Whether Turks come to China or Chinese go to Türkiye to study, travel or do business, they need not worry about the impact of changes in international relations.
土耳其人来华的学习机会与商务机会
Turkish learning opportunities in China
土耳其学生来华学习机会：
截至2024年，土耳其来中国的海外留学生人数为1431人‌‌。土耳其教育部对外关系总司司长于纳尔·京多安在接受采访时提到，截至2020年底，土耳其回国海外留学生人数共有1431人。此外，他指出，近十年来，土耳其学生对中国语言和文化的兴趣越来越浓厚，土耳其教育部正在努力向土耳其学生介绍中国大学，这次的教育展就是一个很好的推介留学中国的机会‌。
同一时间，土耳其学生来华留学还享有很多优惠政策。例如奖学金，主要包括以下几种‌：
‌中国总领事奖学金‌：这是由中国驻伊斯坦布尔总领馆提交的奖学金项目，旨在鼓励土耳其大学学生学习和研究中国语言和文化，加深中土人文交流。申请范围包括在伊斯坦布尔总领馆领区范围内（伊斯坦布尔省、布尔萨省、科贾埃利省等）就读的中文相关联专业学生、孔子学院学生及选修中文课程的学生。评选方法包括本人申请、资格审查和评议终审，申请材料包括身份证件复印件、成绩单、申请表和自荐信等‌。
‌中国政府优秀来华海外留学生奖学金‌：这是由教育部设立的奖学金项目，旨在提升来华海外留学生的整体水准。该奖学金面向中国境内所有中国政府奖学金院校的在读二年级及以上的全日制海外留学生学历生，以激励学生勤奋学习和努力进取。具体申请条件和流程能参考相关联官方公告‌。
‌这部分奖学金项目不仅为土耳其海外留学生提交了经济支持，还促进了中土两国在教育和文化领域的交流与合作，是中国与土耳其关系密切的一种表现。
Opportunities for Turkish students to study in China:
As of 2024, the number of foreign students from Türkiye to China will be 1431. Yunar Jingduoan, Director of the General Department of Foreign Relations of the Ministry of Education of Türkiye, mentioned in an interview that by the end of last year, there were 1431 Turkish students studying in China. In addition, he pointed out that in the past decade, Türkiye's students have become more and more interested in Chinese language and culture. The Ministry of Education of Türkiye is trying to introduce Chinese universities to Türkiye's students. This education exhibition is a good opportunity to promote studying in China.
At the same time, Türkiye students also enjoy many preferential policies for studying in China, such as scholarships.
Chinese Consular General Scholarship: This is a scholarship program provided by the Chinese Consulate General in Istanbul, which aims to encourage Turkish college students to learn and study Chinese language and culture, and deepen people to people and cultural exchanges between China and Türkiye. The application scope includes Chinese related majors, Confucius Institute students, and students taking elective Chinese courses studying within the jurisdiction of the Consulate General in Istanbul (Istanbul Province, Bursa Province, Kocaeli Province, etc.). The selection method includes personal application, qualification review, and final evaluation. The application materials include copies of identification documents, transcripts, application forms, and self recommendation letters.
Chinese Government Scholarship for Outstanding International Students in China: This is a scholarship program established by the Ministry of Education to enhance the overall level of international students studying in China. This scholarship is open to full-time international students with a second year or higher degree from all Chinese government scholarship institutions within China, in order to motivate students to study diligently and strive for progress. Specific application requirements and procedures can refer to relevant official announcements.
These scholarship programs not only provide economic support for Turkish students, but also promote exchanges and cooperation between China and Türkiye in the fields of education and culture, which is a manifestation of the close relationship between China and Turkey.
土耳其人来华的商务机会
Turkish Business Opportunities in China
土耳其人来华的商务机会：
从当前贸易规模上看，中国是土耳其在亚洲最大的贸易伙伴，也是在世界上的第三大贸易伙伴，超过1200家中国公司持续在土耳其从事工商业活动，超过100家土耳其公司在中国投资兴业。
土耳其地处欧洲和亚洲的交汇点，对中国来说具有关键的战略意义。在中国提出的“一带一路”建议下，土耳其是亚欧贸易的关键交通要道。中土双方在“一带一路”框架下的合作具有广阔的空间和巨大的潜力，特别是在物流、基础设施建设等领域‌。
土耳其计划于2024年派遣高层团队访华，寻求在稀土领域合作。土耳其国内发现了巨量的稀土矿，总量达到6.94亿吨，位居全球第二。这为双方在稀土开采、加工及技术应用等方面的合作提交了新的机遇‌。
土耳其希望成为中国企业投资的中间站，并推动中国与欧盟之间的合作。其中，跨境电子领域合作更是进展迅速，在2024年5月16日，杭州与土耳其跨境电子领域合作与创新的座谈会在杭州拉开帷幕。本次座谈会中，中国与土耳其很多协会与企业参加了此次活动，双方在跨境电子商务方面达成了极高的合作协议。中国与土耳其在跨境商务合作和商品贸易之间存在着巨大合作空间。
Business opportunities for Turks coming to China:
In terms of the current trade scale, China is Türkiye's largest trading partner in Asia and the third largest trading partner in the world. More than 1200 Chinese companies continue to engage in industrial and commercial activities in Türkiye, and more than 100 Türkiye companies invest in China.
Türkiye is located at the intersection of Europe and Asia, which is of great strategic significance to China. Under the "the Belt and Road" initiative proposed by China, Türkiye is an important transportation hub for Asia Europe trade. The cooperation between China and Turkmenistan under the framework of the "the Belt and Road" has broad space and huge potential, especially in the fields of logistics, infrastructure construction and so on.
Türkiye plans to send a high-level team to visit China in 2024 to seek cooperation in the field of rare earth. Türkiye has found a huge amount of rare earth minerals, with a total of 694 million tons, ranking second in the world. This provides new opportunities for cooperation between the two sides in rare earth mining,processing.
Türkiye hopes to become an intermediate station for Chinese enterprises to invest and promote cooperation between China and the EU. Among them, cross-border cooperation in the electronic field has made rapid progress. On May 16 this year, the symposium on cross-border cooperation and innovation in the electronic field between Hangzhou and Türkiye opened in Hangzhou. In this forum, many associations and enterprises from China and Türkiye participated in this activity, and the two sides reached extremely high cooperation agreements in cross-border e-commerce. There is a huge space for cooperation between China and Türkiye in cross-border business cooperation and commodity trade.
土耳其人来华签证办理
Turkish visa processing
土耳其来华商务签证基本申请材料：
（1）护照：自申请之日起有效期6个月以上、有最少2张空白签证页的护照原件及护照照片资料页复印件1份。如有旧护照，请同一时间提交旧护照原件。
（2）签证申请表及电子照片：签证申请中心网站上使用“在线填表”功能填写申请表并上传电子照片，达成在线填表后根据页面提示，打印出签证表并签字。
（3）土耳其公民身份证或居留证明（适用于不在国籍国申请签证者）：如您不在国籍国申请签证，您需提交在土耳其合法停留、居留、工作、学习的有效证明或签证的原件和复印件，该居留或签证有效期需从您拟入境中国之日计算长于六个月。
（4）原中国护照或原中国签证（适用于曾经有中国国籍，后加入外国国籍者）：假如您第一次申请中国签证，请提交原中国护照原件及护照照片资料页复印件。假如您曾获得中国签证，持新换发的外国护照申请签证时，请提交旧护照原件，旧护照照片资料页及曾获得的中国签证的复印件。如无法提交旧护照，须本人提交书面说明或公司证明供领馆审核。假如新护照与旧护照所记载的姓名不一致，请提交有关官方出具的更改姓名的证明文件。
（5）18 周岁以下的申请人，须提交：1. 载有父母姓名的出生证原件及复印件（如出生证上仅有母亲姓名，则须提交父母结婚证明或亲属关系公证）；2. 父母护照或身份证复印件；3. 经当地公证处公证的未随行父母出具的同意其旅游的父母同意函，该函应包含申请人旅游日期及其父母的联系方式等信息。
Basic application materials for Türkiye's business visa to China：
（1） Passport: original passport valid for more than 6 months from the date of application with at least 2 blank visa pages and 1 copy of passport photo data page. If you have an old passport, please also provide the original passport.
（2）Visa Application Form and Electronic Photo: Use the "Online Form Filling" function on the Visa Application Center website to fill out the application form and upload an electronic photo. After completing the online form filling, follow the prompts on the page to print out the visa form and sign it.
（3）Türkiye citizen identity card or residence certificate (applicable to those who apply for a visa not in the country of nationality): If you do not apply for a visa in the country of nationality, you need to provide the original and copy of the valid certificate or visa for legal stay, residence, work and study in Türkiye. The validity of the residence or visa should be longer than six months from the date of your intended entry into China.
（4）Original Chinese passport or original Chinese visa (applicable to those who previously held Chinese nationality but later acquired foreign nationality): If you are applying for a Chinese visa for the first time, please provide the original Chinese passport and a copy of the passport photo information page. If you have previously obtained a Chinese visa and are applying for a visa with a newly issued foreign passport, please provide the original copy of your old passport, the photo information page of your old passport, and a copy of your previously obtained Chinese visa. If the old passport cannot be provided, the individual must provide a written explanation or company certification for consulate review. If the name recorded on the new passport does not match that on the old passport, please provide proof of name change issued by the relevant authorities.
（5) Applicants under the age of 18 must provide: 1 Original and photocopy of the birth certificate containing the parents' names (if the birth certificate only shows the mother's name, a marriage certificate or notarized family relationship must be provided); 2. Copies of parents' passports or ID cards; 3. A parental consent letter notarized by the local notary office, issued by the unaccompanied parents, approving their travel. The letter should include information such as the applicant's travel date and the contact information of their parents
土耳其来华旅游签证基本申请材料：
（一）护照：自申请之日起有效期6个月以上、有最少2张空白签证页的护照原件及护照照片资料页复印件1份。如有旧护照，请同一时间提交旧护照原件。
（二）签证申请表及电子照片：签证申请中心网站上使用“在线填表”功能填写申请表并上传电子照片，达成在线填表后根据页面提示，打印出签证表并签字。
（三）土耳其公民身份证或居留证明（适用于不在国籍国申请签证者）：如您不在国籍国申请签证，您需提交在土耳其合法停留、居留、工作、学习的有效证明或签证的原件和复印件，该居留或签证有效期需从您拟入境中国之日计算长于六个月。
（四）原中国护照或原中国签证（适用于曾经有中国国籍，后加入外国国籍者）：假如您第一次申请中国签证，请提交原中国护照原件及护照照片资料页复印件。假如您曾获得中国签证，持新换发的外国护照申请签证时，请提交旧护照原件，旧护照照片资料页及曾获得的中国签证的复印件。如无法提交旧护照，须本人提交书面说明或公司证明供领馆审核。假如新护照与旧护照所记载的姓名不一致，请提交有关官方出具的更改姓名的证明文件。
（五）18 周岁以下的申请人，须提交：1. 载有父母姓名的出生证原件及复印件（如出生证上仅有母亲姓名，则须提交父母结婚证明或亲属关系公证）；2. 父母护照或身份证复印件；3. 经当地公证处公证的未随行父母出具的同意其旅游的父母同意函，该函应包含申请人旅游日期及其父母的联系方式等信息。
二、其它申请材料
（一）往返机票订单和酒店订单等行程材料，或中国境内单位出具的旅游邀请函件。该邀请函须包含以下事项：
1.被邀请人个人信息：姓名、性别、出生日期、护照号码等；
2.被邀请人行程安排信息：抵离日期、旅游地点、食宿安排等；
3.邀请单位或邀请人信息：邀请单位名称或邀请人姓名、联系电话、地址、邀请单位印章、邀请单位法人代表或邀请人签字等。
（二）居住地警方无犯罪证明原件；
（三）很多于10000里拉的银行存款单或银行存款证明。

Basic application materials for Türkiye's tourist visa to China:
(1) Passport: Original passport with at least 2 blank visa pages and 1 copy of passport photo information page, valid for more than 6 months from the date of application. If you have an old passport, please also provide the original passport.
（2） Visa Application Form and Electronic Photo: Use the "Online Form Filling" function on the Visa Application Center website to fill out the application form and upload an electronic photo. After completing the online form filling, follow the prompts on the page to print out the visa form and sign it.
（3） Türkiye citizen identity card or residence certificate (applicable to those who apply for a visa not in the country of nationality): If you do not apply for a visa in the country of nationality, you need to provide the original and copy of the valid certificate or visa for legal stay, residence, work and study in Türkiye. The validity of the residence or visa should be longer than six months from the date of your intended entry into China.
（4） Original Chinese passport or original Chinese visa (applicable to those who previously held Chinese nationality but later acquired foreign nationality): If you are applying for a Chinese visa for the first time, please provide the original Chinese passport and a copy of the passport photo information page. If you have previously obtained a Chinese visa and are applying for a visa with a newly issued foreign passport, please provide the original copy of your old passport, the photo information page of your old passport, and a copy of your previously obtained Chinese visa. If the old passport cannot be provided, the individual must provide a written explanation or company certification for consulate review. If the name recorded on the new passport does not match that on the old passport, please provide proof of name change issued by the relevant authorities.
（5） Applicants under the age of 18 must provide: 1 Original and photocopy of the birth certificate containing the parents' names (if the birth certificate only shows the mother's name, a marriage certificate or notarized family relationship must be provided); 2. Copies of parents' passports or ID cards; 3. A parental consent letter notarized by the local notary office, issued by the unaccompanied parents, approving their travel. The letter should include information such as the applicant's travel date and their parents' contact information.
2、 Other application materials
(1) itinerary materials such as round-trip airfare and hotel bookings, or travel invitation letters issued by domestic units in China. The invitation letter must include the following information: 1. Personal information of the invitee: name, gender, date of birth, passport number, etc; 2. Invited person's itinerary information: arrival and departure dates, tourist destinations, accommodation arrangements, etc; 3. Information of inviting unit or inviter: name of inviting unit or inviter, contact phone number, address, seal of inviting unit, signature of inviting unit's legal representative or inviter, etc.
（2） Original certificate of no criminal record issued by the police in the place of residence;
（3） A bank deposit certificate or proof of bank deposit of no less than 10000 lire.
想来中国经商、旅游、学习的话，要抓紧行动了！
If you want to do business, travel, or study in China, you need to act quickly!
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