在申请美国签证过程中被定义敏感专业都有哪些？梧桐海外资深留学专家赵老师为大家详细解读一下！
The State Department maintains a Technical Alert List, also known as the sensitive major list, to guide their evaluation of visa submission. 我们知道在美国签证过程中有时会遇到行政审核，也就是我们所谓的check，最常见的专业有EE、chemical engineering、physics、biochemistry等，事实上还有我们所不熟知的无数专业都被列为sensitive major，这里对敏感专业做了个总结，时隔10年翻出来给大家（同学和同行）作为参考，希望对大家有帮助。

CRITICAL FIELDS LIST
1
CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS（常规武器类）
Warheads and other large caliber projectiles
Reactive armor and warhead defeat systems
Fusing and arming systems.
Electronic countermeasures and systems
New or novel explosives and formulations
Automated explosive detection methods and equipment
2
NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY （核技术）
Production and use of nuclear material for both peaceful and military applications. Included are technologies for:
Enrichment of fissile material
Reprocessing irradiated nuclear fuel to recover produced plutonium
Production of heavy water for moderator material
Plutonium and tritium handling
Also, certain associated technologies related to nuclear physics and/or nuclear engineering. Includes materials,equipment or technology associated with:
Power reactors, breeder and production reactors
Fissile or special nuclear materials
Uranium enrichment, including gaseous diffusion,centrifuge, aerodynamic, chemical, Electromagnetic Isotopic Separation (EMIS), Laser Isotope Separation (LIS)
Spent fuel reprocessing, plutonium, mixed oxide nuclear research Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF)
Magnetic confinement fusion
Laser fusion, high power lasers, plasma,
Nuclear fuel fabrication including Mixed Oxide (uranium-plutonium) fuels (MOX)
Heavy water production
Tritium production and use
Hardening technology
3
ROCKET SYSTEMS （火箭）
Including ballistic missile systems,space launch vehicles and sounding rockets) and Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV) (including cruise missiles, target drones, and reconnaissance drones): Technologies associated with rocket systems and UAV systems. The technology needed to develop a satellite launch vehicle is virtually identical to that needed to build a ballistic missile.
4
ROCKET SYSTEM UAV SUBSYSTEMS（无人机）
Propulsion technologies include solid rocket motor stages,and liquid propellant engines. Other critical subsystems include re-entry vehicles, guidance sets, thrust vector controls and warhead safing, arming and fusing. Many of these technologies are dual-use. Technologies include:
Liquid and solid rocket propulsion systems
Missile propulsion and systems integration
Individual rocket stages or staging/separation mechanism
Aerospace thermal (such as superalloys) and high-performance structures
Propulsion systems test facilities
5
NAVIGATION ,AVIONICS AND FLIGHT CONTROL USEABLE
These capabilities directly determine the delivery accuracy and lethality of both unguided and guided weapons. The long-term costs to design, build and apply these technologies have been a limiting proliferation factor. Technologies include those associated with:
Internal navigation systems
Tracking and terminal homing devices
Accelerometers and gyroscopes
Rocket and UAV and flight control systems.
Global Positioning System (GPS)
6
CHEMICAL, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
The technology used to produce chemical and biological weapons is inherently dual-use. The same technologies that could be applied to develop and produce chemical and biological weapons are used widely by civilian research laboratories and industry; these technologies are relatively common in many countries. Advanced biotechnology has the potential to support biological weapons research. In the biological area, look for interest in technologies associated with:
Aerobiology (study of microorganisms found in the air or in aerosol form)
Biochemistry
Pharmacology
Immunology
Virology
Bacteriology
Mycology
Microbiology
Growth and culturing of microorganisms
Pathology (study of diseases)
Toxicology
Study of toxins
Virulence factors
Genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology
Identification of nucleic acid sequences associated with pathogenecity
Freeze-drying (lyophilization)
Fermentation technology
Cross-filtration equipment
High "DOP-rated filters" (e.g., HEPA filters, ULPA filters)
Microencapsulation
Aerosol sprayers and technology, aerosol and aerosolization technology
Spray or drum drying technology
Milling equipment or technology intended for the production of micron-sized particles
Technology for eliminating electrostatic charges of small particles
Flight training
Crop-dusting, aerosol dissemination
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology
Fuses, detonators, and other munitions technology
Submunitions technology
Computer modeling of dissemination or contagion
Chemical absorption (nuclear-biological-chemical (NBC) protection)

假如你所学习的专业在以上列表中，请格外注意，在签证过程中务必准备齐全材料（除了常规材料外准备好学习计划、个人简历、美国导师简历及研究方向、将来的课程介绍等），还有在面签过程中要注意诚恳回答问题。最关键的是：尽早递签！以上专业的学生基本都避免不了行政审核，但不可以惊慌，只要“根正苗红”短则一个月长则两个月就能拿到VISA。在行政审核过程中假如使馆需要提交材料请及时补充，录入到DS-160里的电话们都要保持畅通！
望2021年check的留学生们很快拿到VISA！！
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